Golbai Sasan and Sankarjang: Significance in Prehistoric Odisha
Discuss the significance of Golbai Sasan and Sankarjang in the context of Odisha's prehistoric agricultural communities.
Introduction
The prehistoric landscape of Odisha witnessed a vital transition from nomadic foraging to Settled Agriculture. Sites like Golbai Sasan (Khurda) and Sankarjang (Angul) serve as archaeological milestones, marking the dawn of the Neolithic-Chalcolithic cultural complex in the Mahanadi and Chilika basins.
Golbai Sasan: The Farming Settlement
Located on the banks of the Mandakini river, Golbai Sasan provides evidence of a long-term sedentary life. The excavation revealed Circular Huts and a Subsistence Economy based on rice cultivation. The presence of Bone Tools and charred grains confirms their agricultural expertise. Furthermore, the site illustrates the transition to Copper-using phases, where polished stone tools co-existed with early metallurgy.
Sankarjang: Technological Advancement
Sankarjang is historically significant for its unique burial practices and Polished Stone Tools. It is famous for the discovery of Lithophones (musical stones), indicating a complex social and cultural life. The discovery of Copper Bangles and weapons highlights the growing Social Stratification and the community's access to mineral resources, bridging the gap between primitive farming and organized proto-historic societies.
Conclusion
In essence, while Golbai Sasan captures the essence of early Village Life, Sankarjang reflects technological innovation. Together, they confirm that prehistoric Odisha was a vibrant hub of Agricultural Intensification and cultural continuity.