Understanding Population Ageing: The Indian Context
Q: What do you understand by population ageing? Discuss its various dimensions in the context of India.
Population Ageing is a demographic phenomenon characterized by an increase in the median age of a population due to declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy. In India, a person aged 60 and above is considered "elderly." While India is currently young, it is transitioning toward an ageing society.
Dimensions of Ageing in India
- Demographic Dimension: According to the UNFPA India Ageing Report 2023, the elderly population is expected to comprise 20% of the total population by 2050. This is known as demographic maturation.
- Economic Dimension: A rising Old-Age Dependency Ratio places pressure on the working-age population. The need for Social Security and universal pensions becomes critical to prevent "elderly poverty."
- Social & Health Dimension: There is an increasing Feminization of Ageing, as women generally live longer but often lack financial assets. Health-wise, the shift toward Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) necessitates specialized Geriatric Care.
- Sociological Dimension: The breakdown of the Joint Family System into nuclear units has led to the social isolation of the elderly, increasing the demand for institutionalized care and "Senior Living" facilities.
Key Terminology Defined
Old-Age Dependency Ratio: The number of individuals aged 65+ (or 60+ in India) per 100 people of working age (15-59). A higher ratio indicates a greater economic burden on the productive workforce.
Conclusion
Population ageing is a silent revolution. To harness the "Silver Dividend," India must shift from a welfare-based approach to an empowerment-based one. Implementing the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act effectively is vital to ensure that our elderly live with dignity and security.
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