Normative and Prescriptive Ethics: The Universal and the Contextual
Q: Normative ethics is universal and prescriptive ethics is contextual. In this context, explain how the former acts as principles of the latter, with suitable instantiation.
In the study of Moral Philosophy, ethics is divided into theoretical frameworks and practical applications. Normative Ethics provides the Universal Standards of right and wrong, while Prescriptive Ethics deals with the Contextual Application of these norms to specific human conduct.
1. Normative Ethics as the Principle
Normative ethics establishes General Axioms (rules) that are independent of time and place. It answers the question, "What should be the Ultimate Criteria of morality?" Major theories like Utilitarianism (Greatest good for the greatest number) or Deontology (Duty for duty's sake) serve as the "Compass" or the foundational principles.
2. Prescriptive Ethics as the Contextual Action
Prescriptive ethics translates these universal norms into Specific Guidelines for action in a given situation. It acts as the "Map" that helps an administrator navigate an Ethical Dilemma by prescribing a particular course of conduct based on the underlying normative principle.
3. Instantiation (Example)
Consider the normative principle of "Justice and Fairness":
- Normative Principle: Every individual deserves Equal Treatment before the law. This is a universal truth.
- Prescriptive Application: In the context of Odisha’s Tribal Districts, an administrator may prescribe Affirmative Action (Reservation or targeted subsidies) for the PVTGs (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups). Here, the prescriptive action is contextual, but it is derived from the normative principle of ensuring Substantive Justice.
Definition of Key Term
Affirmative Action: A policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups known to have been discriminated against previously. Example: Providing specialized education kits to Bonda tribal children in Malkangiri to ensure they have an Equal Opportunity as compared to urban students.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Normative ethics provides the "Why" while Prescriptive ethics provides the "How." Mastering this relationship is essential for Integrity in Administration. Without universal principles, prescriptive ethics becomes Relativism; without context, normative principles remain Abstract and ineffective.
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